Research advances of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in diabetic kidney disease based upon clinical guidelines

The incidence and mortality rate of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has spiked yearly. Functional magnetic resonance imaging offers multiple advantages in early diagnosis and functional evaluation of DKD. Under the specifications of recent clinical guidelines, this review focused upon the value of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in pre-clinical, progressive and end-clinical stages of DKD.