Abstract: Objective To investigate the clinical data and application status of vascular access in patients with end stage renal disease in the first autogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF), in order to obtain baseline data and related risk factors and provide scientific basis for selecting suitable vascular access in hemodialysis.Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data and selected vascular access types of 110 patients with first AVF for maintenance hemodialysis during the period from January 2014 to May 2017 in Huashan hospital affiliated to Fudan University. The patients were divided into AVF group and central venous catheter (CVC) group. The general information and laboratory biochemical indicators in the two groups were compared. Binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for CVC.Results There were 72 males and 38 females, with average age being (55.4±15.4) years old. CVC was used at the initiation of hemodialysis in 53.6% MHD patients. Seventeen factors, such as age, gender, educational background and complications, were involved in statistical analysis. The results showed males, no visiting to nephrologists before the initiation of hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and cardiocerebral vascular diseases were the risk factors of selecting CVC in the patients with first arteriovenous fistula. Binary logistic regression analysis showed risk factors included peritoneal dialysis (P=0.008) and no visiting to nephrologists (P=0.013).Conclusions The rate of CVC is higher in the patients with first arteriovenous fistula. Peritoneal dialysis and no visiting to nephrologists were risk factors. The patients should make effective follow-up and the doctor should assess patients' general condition timely for the planned establishment of AVF.